Which of the following describes a medication error?

A medication error can be defined as any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional. In this context, the choice that states a failure to administer an ordered medication aptly describes a medication error because it directly involves not completing a critical aspect of medication management that could adversely affect a patient's treatment.

The significance of this choice lies in its potential consequences. When a healthcare provider fails to administer a medication that has been prescribed, it can lead to a delay in treatment, worsen the patient's condition, or affect the overall care process. Ensuring that all ordered medications are administered as directed is a fundamental responsibility in nursing care and is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.

The other choices describe scenarios where medication administration is carried out correctly or appropriately. Administering medication as prescribed, providing extra doses when needed, and giving medications at the correct time all fall under proper medication management and do not constitute a medication error. In fact, they reflect adherence to medication protocols, which are essential for patient safety and effective treatment.